What is heart disease? How is it treated?

 The heart is one of the most important parts of our body, which pumps continuously from the day you are born to your last breath. The heart is the organ which continuously pumps from the day of your birth. For pumping it requires more energy. So that nature has provided three main vessels we call as a coronary artery which supplies blood to the heart itself. The heart is the organ which supplies blood to the entire body. These coronary arteries are the main artery which supplies blood itself to the heart muscle. There are many diseases which affect your heart. In that, the most common and deadliest is what we call as the coronary artery diseases.

So what is coronary artery disease? It is the blockage which happens in the coronary artery, so that blood flow to the heart muscle is completely stopped or it is partially blocked. Wherever there is an obstruction which can happen in the coronary artery the blood to the proximal part or the distal part of the vessels is blocked. So there is a deficiency of the blood flow to the heart muscle. When there is a deficiency of blood flow to the heart muscle we call it as ischemia and the patient develops symptoms called chest pain or Angina.  Whenever the patient exerts himself, walking it causes a chest pain because of the deficiency of blood flow. This deficiency of the blood flow is identified by many investigation procedures. But once they identify that the patient has coronary artery blockage by simple non-invasive investigations like an ECG or treadmill, the physician put him on, what we call as medical management.

There are a lot of other options available for these patients, who have a blockage in the coronary artery and their medical management even though it is optimal or maximal still the patient complaints of chest pain and poor quality of life.  In that case, there are other treatments which are available for this kind of patient called as invasive and non-invasive treatment options. In the non-invasive option available to the patients, one of the important treatment options is called enhanced external counter pulsation. It is absolutely a non-invasive treatment.  Other options the patients might be offered are bypass surgery or angioplasty.  So let’s look at what is done in the bypass surgery. Now, we know the problem is lack of blood flow beyond the blocked artery. So what is done in bypass surgery is they open the chest. It is a major surgical procedure, which does have a lot of complication and risk. The chest cavity is opened and they take a graft or a vein or artery either from your leg and it called as a saphenous vein graft or it is an artery which is taken from the chest called internal mammary artery graft.

These grafts are positioned so that the blood can detour through these vessels and supply the area with lack of blood supply. So it can able to restore the blood supply to the area which is deficient because of the blockage in the coronary artery.  Once the blood flow is restored the patient’s chest pain comes down and he can walk more distance. Now for some patients, the cardiologist offers what we call is an angioplasty procedure.